Bishop Albert L. Fletcher

First Bishop Born in Arkansas

As the fourth bishop of Little Rock, Albert L. Fletcher guided the diocese through a period of profound social, racial and theological conflict and change. His 25-year episcopacy spanned the Cold War, the civil rights movement, Vatican II and the Vietnam War. Bishop Fletcher’s calm, courtly manner stood in stark contrast to the upheaval around him.

He was the first Arkansan raised to the Roman Catholic hierarchy and remains the only native son to serve as Little Rock’s bishop. Bishop Fletcher was a descendent of distinguished Arkansans. A distant relative, John Gould Fletcher, settled Lawrence County in 1800. Another relative, John Gould Fletcher Jr., earned the Pulitzer prize in poetry.

As a young man, he attended Little Rock College and St. John Home Missions Seminary, leading to his ordination June 4, 1920. Father Fletcher taught chemistry and biology at Little Rock College, which he served as president in 1923. The tall, scholarly priest also earned a master of science degree from the University of Chicago. Later, he was a professor of theology and canon law at St. John seminary, where his students labeled him a “born professor.”

His installation as auxiliary bishop on April 24, 1940, marked the first episcopal consecration to take place in Arkansas. He was installed as bishop on Feb. 11, 1947. After several years of relative calm, the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed segregation in 1954, prompting Bishop Fletcher to issue a pastoral letter stating that the Catholic Church never made distinctions based on race but had provided separate churches and schools for blacks owing to laws and customs. He rebuked the Arkansas governor for acting to block the desegregation of Central High School in 1957.

The bishop and his diocesan newspaper, The Guardian, advocated peaceful integration and racial brotherhood. By 1959, all Catholic hospitals in Arkansas had been integrated and black students were attending Subiaco Academy, Catholic High School and Mount St. Mary Academy began accepting blacks in 1962 but few were willing to attend the predominantly white high schools. Over the next decade, several black churches and schools in the state closed.

Bishop Fletcher participated in the four fall sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) and announced the change in language of the liturgy from Latin to English (in America), effective with the first Sunday of Advent in 1964. The bishop declined to establish a role for permanent deacons as Vatican II suggested. He also found himself at odds with the younger priests teaching at St. John seminary — a group more liberal on social and theological questions. After the state’s largest newspaper in the spring of 1967 printed a series of articles by seminary priest that differed with the Catholic Church views on birth control and questioned papal infallibility, Bishop Fletcher announced that the seminary would close.

In 1971, Bishop Fletcher declined to vote for a resolution by the American Catholic Bishops calling for an end to the Vietnam War. Fervently anti-communist, the bishop didn’t support amnesty for war resisters and draft dodgers. He turned 75 (retirement age for bishops) on Oct. 28, 1971, and eventually stepped down in July 1972. He died Dec. 6, 1979, in Little Rock after attending a funeral Mass for a friend. For more information, read these articles in Arkansas Catholic.

An Elementary Catholic Catechism on the Morality of Segregation and Racial Discrimination

Bishop Fletcher wrote this booklet in 1960, which includes 72 questions and answers. It was designed for all parishes to study and discuss during Lent. Time magazine, among others, wrote about the catechism. In it the bishop wrote, "Segregation as we know it in Arkansas is immoral. ... The Church condemns racism as contrary to its teachings that all men are inherently and naturally equal."

50 Years after Crisis, Church Reflects on Silence

In 1957 as nine black teens entered Central High School in Little Rock, the Catholic Church in Arkansas watched and prayed. The Church had its own integration to implement and people of courage to help the process.

More to Know about Integration in the Diocese

In August 1954, Bishop Albert Fletcher challenged Catholics to open their hearts to black Catholics following the U.S. Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision that declared segregated public schools unconstitutional.